Scatter search para programação de projetos com custo de disponibilidade de recursos sob incerteza

Orientador: Vinicius Amaral ArmentanoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de ComputaçãoDoutorad

A note on time/cost tradeoff curve generation for project scheduling with multi-mode resource availability costs

Abstract: In this note we combine two known algorithms and show how they can be used in order to generate tradeoff curves between time and cost for deterministic project scheduling problems with multiple modes and resource availability costs. The approach can handle linear and non-linear non-decreasing cost functions and it is based on the exact algorithm presented in Demeulemeester (1995) for the resource availability cost problem without multiple modes. As the problem is NP-hard, the method is computationally viable to solve only problems of a moderate size. The performance of the combined algorithm is evaluated solving different problem instances generated by the software Progen, and the solutions are compared to the ones generated by a modeling language with the solver CPLEX

Ship Routing with Pickup and Delivery for a Maritime Oil Transportation System: MIP Modeland Heuristics

This paper examines a ship routing problem with pickup and delivery and time windows for maritime oil transportation, motivated by the production and logistics activities of an oil company operating in the Brazilian coast. The transportation costs from offshore platforms to coastal terminals are an important issue in the search for operational excellence in the oil industry, involving operations that demand agile and effective decision support systems. This paper presents an optimization approach to address this problem, based on a mixed integer programming (MIP) model and a novel and exploratory application of two tailor-made MIP heuristics, based on relax-and-fix and time decomposition procedures. The model minimizes fuel costs of a heterogeneous fleet of oil tankers and costs related to freighting contracts. The model also considers company-specific constraints for offshore oil transportation. Computational experiments based on the mathematical models and the related MIP heuristics are presented for a set of real data provided by the company, which confirm the potential of optimization-based methods to find good solutions for problems of moderate sizes

Uma proposta de avaliação de desempenho para os sistemas de transporte rodoviário interurbano de passageiros

O transporte rodoviário interurbano de passageiros é caracterizado pelo deslocamento de pessoas, por rodovia, entre duas cidades e/ou núcleos urbanos. Em virtude da sua alta expressividade perante o transporte de passageiros no Brasil, e de uma preocupação com a adequabilidade e aumento da qualidade do serviço oferecido, esse trabalho procurou desenvolver um Sistema de Avaliação de Desempenho Operacional dos prestadores do serviço de transporte rodoviário interurbano de passageiros. Faz-se importante que essa avaliação seja voltada para resultados referentes à prestação de um serviço adequado e mantenha-se como um processo constante. A avaliação pode resultar em penalizações ou incentivos aos operadores, induzindo-os a um aprimoramento do seu serviço. Esse método é capaz de auxiliar órgãos reguladores e gestores no acompanhamento e controle do Transporte Rodoviário Interurbano de Passageiros – TRIP, seja este intermunicipal ou interestadual. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThe Interurban Land Passenger Transportation is characterized by the displacement of people by road, between two cities and / or urban areas. Because of its high expressiveness at the passenger transport in Brazil, and a concern about the appropriateness and quality of service, this work sought to develop a System of Operational Performance Evaluation of the service providers. It is important that this assessment is geared to results concerning the provision of an adequate service and keep it as a constant. The assessment may result in penalties or incentives to operators, inducing them to improve its´ service. This method is able to assist regulators and managers in monitoring and control of the Interurban Land Passenger Transport, being it intercity or interstate

Metabolic and anthropometric parameters contribute to ART-mediated CD4+ T cell recovery in HIV-1-infected individuals: an observational study

Background The degree of immune reconstitution achieved in response to suppressive ART is associated with baseline individual characteristics, such as pre-treatment CD4 count, levels of viral replication, cellular activation, choice of treatment regimen and gender. However, the combined effect of these variables on long-term CD4 recovery remains elusive, and no single variable predicts treatment response. We sought to determine if adiposity and molecules associated with lipid metabolism may affect the response to ART and the degree of subsequent immune reconstitution, and to assess their ability to predict CD4 recovery. Methods We studied a cohort of 69 (48 females and 21 males) HIV-infected, treatment-naïve South African subjects initiating antiretroviral treatment (d4T, 3Tc and lopinavir/ritonavir). We collected information at baseline and six months after viral suppression, assessing anthropometric parameters, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and magnetic resonance imaging scans, serum-based clinical laboratory tests and whole blood-based flow cytometry, and determined their role in predicting the increase in CD4 count in response to ART. Results We present evidence that baseline CD4+ T cell count, viral load, CD8+ T cell activation (CD95 expression) and metabolic and anthropometric parameters linked to adiposity (LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio and waist/hip ratio) significantly contribute to variability in the extent of CD4 reconstitution (ΔCD4) after six months of continuous ART. Conclusions Our final model accounts for 44% of the variability in CD4+ T cell recovery in virally suppressed individuals, representing a workable predictive model of immune reconstitution

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead